This study aimed to evaluate the possibility of reusing industrial scraps of Surlyn® ionomer by obtaining blends with Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE). Blends of LDPE and Surlyn® scraps were obtained by extrusion with compositions ranging from 25 to 75 wt% of the ionomer. Their melt flow index (MFI), morphology (SEM), mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact tests) and thermal properties (DSC, TGA, HDT tests) were analyzed. The morphology of the blends presented two phases, indicating the immiscibility of phases. Surlyn® incorporation promoted a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of LDPE and a slight increase in the thermal decomposition temperature. In addition, Surlyn® decreased the decomposition rate of LDPE. However, the decrease in the degree of crystallinity did not affect the mechanical properties of the blends. Incorporating ionomer in LDPE promoted an increase in tensile and flexural strength, tensile and flexural modulus and strain at break. Impact strength decreased with increasing ionomer concentration.

Abstract Obesity and depression, disorders associated with inflammation, have high incidences in women. Understanding the derangements present in the initial phase of obesity may point to factors that could help avoiding disease aggravation. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of a 6-months interdisciplinary therapy for weight loss in women with grade I obesity. Before and after the therapy, 37 middle-aged women donated blood and responded to questionnaires for depression and anxiety symptoms. Inflammatory parameters were evaluated in serum and a preliminary screening of the plasma proteome was performed. The therapy decreased anthropometric, psychological scores, and serum levels of inflammatory parameters. Depression and anxiety scores correlated positively with some inflammatory parameters. The proteomic analysis showed changes in proteins related to cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory response. Interdisciplinary therapy improves anthropometric and inflammatory statuses and ameliorating psychological symptoms. The decrease of MCP-1 levels after interdisciplinary therapy has not been reported so far, at the best of our knowledge. The present demonstration of positive associations of inflammatory markers and psychological scores indicate that these mediators may be useful to monitor psychological status in obesity. The present proteome data, although preliminary, pointed to plasma alterations indicative of improvement of inflammation after interdisciplinary therapy.

ABSTRACT Objective: to synthesize evidence from qualitative studies on nursing experiences regarding child and adolescent mental health care in specialized services. Method: a systematic review with meta-synthesis of qualitative studies according to JBI guidelines. CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS, PSYCinfo, Scopus and Web of Science databases were used. The findings were classified according to the level of reliability and credibility and categorized by similarity between contents. Results: 229 articles were identified, and five were included in the final sample and organized into the categories: Emotional impact; and Understanding nursing role. The level of evidence found was moderate. Final considerations: nursing experiences are permeated by emotional exhaustion, feelings of frustration and difficulty in understanding their professional role. The need for training spaces that qualify this care is highlighted.

RESUMEN Objetivo: sintetizar evidencia de estudios cualitativos sobre experiencias de enfermería en la atención a la salud mental de niños y adolescentes en servicios especializados. Método: revisión sistemática, con metasíntesis de estudios cualitativos, según directrices del JBI. Se utilizaron las bases de datos CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS, PSYCinfo, Scopus y Web of Science. Los hallazgos se clasificaron según el nivel de confiabilidad y credibilidad, y se categorizaron según la similitud entre los contenidos. Resultados: se identificaron 229 artículos, cinco de los cuales fueron incluidos en la muestra final y organizados en categorías: Impacto emocional; y Comprender el papel de la enfermería. El nivel de evidencia encontrado fue moderado. Consideraciones finales: las experiencias de enfermería están permeadas por agotamiento emocional, sentimientos de frustración y dificultad para comprender su lugar profesional. Se destaca la necesidad de espacios de formación que cualifiquen esta atención.

RESUMO Objetivo: sintetizar as evidências de estudos qualitativos sobre as experiências da enfermagem frente ao cuidado em saúde mental infantojuvenil em serviços especializados. Método: revisão sistemática, com metassíntese de estudos qualitativos, segundo as diretrizes do JBI. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, LILACS, PSYCinfo, Scopus e Web of Science. Os achados foram classificados segundo o nível de confiabilidade e credibilidade, e categorizados pela similaridade entre os conteúdos. Resultados: 229 artigos foram identificados, e cinco foram incluídos na amostra final e organizados nas categorias: Impacto emocional; e Compreensão do papel da enfermagem. O nível de evidência encontrado foi moderado. Considerações finais: as experiências da enfermagem são permeadas por desgaste emocional, sentimento de frustração e dificuldade de compreender o seu lugar profissional. Destaca-se a necessidade de espaços formativos que qualifiquem este cuidado.

Abstract Red pitaya fruits have become a source of natural dye, because they are rich in betacyanin, a pigment that imparts a red-violet colour. However, natural dyes can be highly unstable and prone to rapid degradation. In this study, an experiment was initially carried out to determine the best extraction solution with an extraction time of 20 min for each solution at room temperature (50% methanol, water, 95% ethanol and 80% acetone), in different pH ranges (4.0 to 9.0) and wavelength (485, 535 and 700 nm), for the red pitaya bark. The stability of the pigments extracted from pitaya peel meal was analysed taking into account the best extraction solutions by spectrophotometric measurements at 15-day intervals, during a 60-day storage period, in the absence and presence of light and under different storage conditions. Pigments stored in the absence of light at freezing temperatures for less than 15 days showed least degradation. The FTIR spectrum in shows two distinct peaks at 3263.870 and 1636.807, these absorption bands are characteristic of betalain functional groups. The spectrum indicates the presence of hydroxy and amine groups as strong, broad, stretching-mode bands, appearing between 3200 cm-1 and 3600 cm-1.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os possíveis significados das lutas pela independência para uma geração de “homens de cor” residentes no Rio de Janeiro que, ou tomaram parte diretamente nos conflitos, ou acompanharam o engajamento de pais, familiares e amigos. Apesar dos grandes avanços da historiografia nas últimas décadas, para o caso do Rio de Janeiro, as narrativas sobre a Independência ainda enfatizam a atuação de grupos políticos mais organizados e as articulações palacianas. Pretendo construir, assim, uma narrativa dessas lutas que faça sobressair outros atores, experiências e vontades políticas. O argumento central é que a população não só participou, como foi instada a participar dessas lutas. Ao perceber, especialmente a partir de outubro de 1821, a fragilidade de sua autoridade, premida entre a fidelidade à Casa de Bragança e o juramento às bases da Constituição, o príncipe-regente D. Pedro avançou nas negociações - já bem conhecidas - com elites de São Paulo e Minas Gerais, mas também investiu na busca de apoio popular. Uma participação que, posteriormente, foi desqualificada e gradativamente silenciada.

Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze the possible meanings of the struggles for independence for a generation of “men of color” residing in Rio de Janeiro who, either took a direct part in the conflicts, or followed the engagement of parents, family members and friends. Despite the great advances in historiography in recent decades, in the case of Rio de Janeiro, the narratives about Independence still emphasize the role of more organized political groups and palace articulations. Thus, I intend to build a narrative of these struggles that makes other actors, experiences and political wills stand out. The central argument is that the population not only participated but was urged to participate in these struggles. Realizing, especially after October 1821, the fragility of his authority, compressed between fidelity to the House of Bragança and the oath to the foundations of the Constitution, the prince-regent d. Pedro advanced in negotiations - already known - with elites from São Paulo and Minas, but he also invested in the search for popular support. A participation that was later disqualified and gradually silenced.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the association between some indicators of adiposity and markers of metabolic disorder, evaluate their performance in predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS), and identify their cutoff values among older adults, both in the overall sample and according to sex. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional study in 159 older men and women. MetS was defined according to the harmonized criteria. The assessments included waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), conicity index (C index), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), body mass index (BMI), A body shape index (ABSI), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Results: LAP and WHtR resulted in the largest AUC values (>0.80). In both sexes, the best indicators were LAP, WC, and WHtR. Both LAP and WHtR presented the highest Youden's index values in the overall sample, with cutoff values of approximately 46.9 (sensitivity 75.0%, specificity 76.7%) and 0.56 (sensitivity 79.3%, specificity 69.8%), respectively. When analyzed by sex, BMI, WC, WHtR, and LAP yielded the highest Youden's index values for the prediction of MetS in older women. Conclusion: The indicators LAP, WC, and WHtR performed well in identifying the presence of MetS in older women and could be used to individually or collectively assess and monitor MetS.

RESUMO O consumo de frutas tem crescido mundialmente, decorrente da exigência de consumidores por hábitos alimentares saudáveis, gerando significativo volume de resíduos agroindustriais como cascas. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram a caracterização física, química, nutricional e antinutricional das cascas in natura de pitaia amarela e vermelha, bem como a produção, caracterização e estudo das propriedades tecnológicas das farinhas destas cascas. Os valores obtidos de umidade para as cascas foram de 88,56% a 91,18% e para as farinhas de 5,25% a 9,62%. Para atividade de água, as cascas tiveram valores de 0,94 e as farinhas de 0,35 a 0,52, mostrando que as farinhas são mais indicadas para utilização no desenvolvimento de novos produtos como: pães, cookies entre outros, além de apresentarem maior teor proteico e baixo teor lipídico. As farinhas mostraram possuir glicose, maltose, xilose e frutose como principais açucares, alto teor de fibras, minerais e capacidade antioxidante. Não foi detectada presença de compostos cianogênicos, taninos condensados e hidrolisados. Conclui-se, que as farinhas apresentam excelente alternativa na incorporação de produtos alimentícios como ingrediente, na qual a farinha de pitaia amarela sobressai em relação a farinha de pitaia vermelha nos conteúdos de proteínas, cinzas, potássio, fosforo, zinco, vitamina C, índice de absorção em óleo e a farinha de pitaia vermelha em cálcio, manganês, cobre, índice de absorção e solubilidade em água, índice de absorção em leite.

ABSTRACT The consumption of fruits has been growing worldwide due to the exigence of consumers for healthy eating habits, generating a significant volume of agro-industrial waste such as peels. The objectives of this work were the physical, chemical, nutritional, and antinutritional characterization of fresh peels of yellow and red pitaya, as well as the production, characterization, and study of technological properties of these flours of peels. The humidity values obtained for the peels were between 88.56% and 91.18% and between 5.25% and 9.62% for the flours. For water activity, the peels had values of 0.94 and the flours between 0.35 and 0.52, showing that flours are more indicated to develop new products, such as bread and cookies, besides presenting higher protein content and low lipid content. The flours present glucose, maltose, xylose, fructose as the main sugars, high fiber content, minerals, and antioxidant capacity. It was not detected the presence of cyanogenic compounds, condensed and hydrolyzed tannins. It was concluded that the flours presented an excellent alternative as an ingredient to be incorporated in food products, in which the yellow pitaya flour stands out compared with red pitaya flour regarding contents of proteins, ashes, potassium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin C, absorption index in oil, and the red pitaya flour stands out in calcium, manganese, copper, absorption index and solubility in water, absorption index in milk.

Abstract The use of batteries combined with photovoltaic (PV) systems connected to the grid allows the storage of surplus energy from photovoltaic generation for later use. This combination can reduce dependence on the grid, since, for most consumers, peak consumption does not occur simultaneously with peak generation from the PV system. This article describes the initial operation of a PV system with 10.72kWp connected to grid and associated to a storage system with 57.6kWh lead-acid batteries installed at the Federal University of Technology - Paraná, in Curitiba city, Campus Neoville. We present an analysis of the benefits obtained from the combined use of the PV system connected to the grid with energy storage, reducing the total energy consumed from the grid. A brief analysis of the demand showed that, for this UTFPR campus, the peak power consumption occurred between 10:00 and 12:00 AM, which was also the interval of peak photovoltaic generation. We have observed that a scheduled battery discharge of 5.5% of the storage capacity from May to November and 9% discharge in December has resulted in R$ 1,154.44 of saving in the first seven months of operation.

Abstract Fruit juices are on the rise, due to the search new mixes, flavors and nutritional value. This research investigated the acceptance and sensory profile of mixed juices. Sixteen (16) mixed juices with caja, umbu, cocoa and mango flavors were studied, using acceptance and check-all-that-apply (CATA) tests in different cities (n = 226). Juices A1 and D1 had the highest scores in Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil (respectively, 7.15 and 6.91). Differently from Salvador-BA, Brazil, where the highest scores were D2 (6.76) and D3 (6.71). Using CATA, it was shown that customers in the Southern Region characterized samples differently from customers in the Northeastern Region, and the correspondence analysis, showed that consumers in Porto Alegre-RS presented different attributes than those in Salvador-BA, with respect to mixed juices and their acceptance. It is suggested the validity of the consumer data in the characterization of the sensory parameters of the mixed juices and that the familiarity with the fruit flavors interfered in the acceptance of the same.

Resumo Na mobilidade urbana, um dos fatores mais desencorajadores dos deslocamentos dos pedestres é a falta de informações do espaço urbano. A disponibilidade adequada de informações espaciais, tais como rotas de deslocamento a pé e proximidade de pontos de parada, proporciona melhoria na qualidade dos deslocamentos e fomenta a apropriação dos espaços públicos. Informações, quando bem localizadas, geram clareza e visibilidade do espaço urbano construído, otimizando e integrando os deslocamentos dos pedestres ao sistema de transportes. Assim, foi desenvolvido um método para identificar a localização espacial de unidades de informação para pedestres (UnIsP) utilizando a ferramenta da Sintaxe Espacial, a análise das isovistas e o software Depthmap. O método foi aplicado na Estação Praça do Relógio do metrô de Brasília, DF, e possibilitou identificar os pontos de maior potencialidade e visibilidade para a localização das UnIsP, subsidiando intervenções urbanas para integrar os deslocamentos dos pedestres ao sistema de transportes. Ainda, o método pode ser aplicado, com as devidas adaptações, aos terminais e aos pontos de parada dos demais modos de transporte público.

Abstract In Urban Mobility, one of the most discouraging factors for the movement of pedestrians is the lack of information on urban areas. The proper availability of spatial information, such as pedestrian routes, the proximity of bus stops are among the factors that improve the quality of mobility and promote the appropriation of public areas. Information, when well-located, tends to provide greater space clarity and displacement optimisation. Thus, a method was developed to identify the spatial location of Pedestrian Information Units (PIUs) using the Spatial Syntax tool, the Isovists analysis and the Depthmap software. This method was applied at a subway station “Praça do Relógio” in Brasilia, DF, and that made it possible to identify the highest potential and visibility points for the positioning of PIUs, thus assisting urban interventions to integrate pedestrian movements into the transport system. Furthermore, the method can also be applied, with the necessary adaptations, to the terminals and stopping points of other modes of public transport.

RESUMO Objetivo: O presente estudo tem como objetivo, verificar se há relação entre proatividade e proteção tecnológica no desempenho ambiental dos empreendimentos nesse segmento. E verificar se existe viabilidade econômica para a produção de pavimento intertravado com a adição de borracha, assim como a certificação do produto como ecologicamente correto. Design / metodologia / abordagem: O estudo tem como base as metodologias apresentadas por Dickel (2017), questionário e variáveis, e Bertolini (2009), viabilidade econômica para a fabricação de produtos ecologicamente correto. Resultados: Como resultado, o estudo confirma a associação entre da proteção tecnológica e da proatividade no desempenho ambiental, assim como a viabilidade econômica para a oferta do produto pavimento intertravado com certificação ecológica. Originalidade / valor: A construção civil ocupa uma posição de destaque, sendo responsável por uma significativa parcela do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) brasileiro, além de ser a maior indústria empregadora do país. Também é reconhecida por deflagrar significativos impactos ambientais na condução das suas atividades. No entanto, a busca pela sustentabilidade tem sido elemento mobilizador na definição de estratégias corporativas, as empresas têm buscado cada vez mais adotar ações que sejam economicamente viáveis, que respeitem aspectos ambientais e sociais.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study’s main objective is to verify if there is a relation between proactivity and technological protection in the environmental performance of the ventures in this segment. And check if there is economic feasibility to produce interlocking concrete paving blocks with the addition of rubber, as well as the certification of the product as ecologically friendly. Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on the methodologies shown by Dickel (2017), questionnaire and variables, and Bertolini (2009), economic viability for the manufacture of ecologically friendly products. Findings: As a result, the study confirms the association between technological protection and proactivity in environmental performance, as well as the economic viability for the offer of the interlocking concrete paving product with ecological certification. Originality/value: Civil construction occupies a prominent position, accounting for a significant portion of Brazil’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as well as being the largest employer industry in the country. It is also recognized as having significant environmental impacts in the conduct of its activities. However, the search for sustainability has been a mobilizing element in the definition of corporate strategies, companies have been seeking more and more actions that are economically viable, respecting environmental and social aspects.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é examinar um episódio pontual - um ato de insubordinação de dois capitães do Regimento de Homens Pardos do Rio de Janeiro - como expressão de uma grande tensão, cotidiana, de disputas e redefinições de hierarquias sociais na virada para o século XIX. Tensão esta produzida pelo crescimento da população negra da cidade, fosse ela de escravos ou de livres e libertos, o que impôs uma discussão sobre os possíveis mecanismos - políticos e institucionais - para inseri-la na sociedade.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to examine a specific episode - an act of insubordination of two captains of the Rio de Janeiro Regiment of Pardos (mixed blood) Men - as an expression of a great daily tension of disputes and redefinitions of social hierarchies at the turn of the nineteenth century. This tension is produced by the growth of the black population of the city, whether it be slaves or free and freed, which imposed a discussion on possible mechanisms - political and institutional - to insert it into society.

Abstract Introduction: adolescents' health and nutritional status is demonstrated in the quality of their growth and development. Bone age (BA) is the skeletal development index, which reflects an individual's maturation and is considered as the best expression of human development. Poor nutritional conditions, which extend for long periods, may influence bone development, causing a delay in BA, in relation to chronological age (CA). The aim of this study is evaluating the relation between adolescents' body mass index and bone age. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out with 172 adolescents. The variables evaluated were body mass index (BMI), CA, BA and maturational stage. The BA was determined by taking digital carpal radiographs. Results: the majority of the adolescents presented an adequate nutritional state (73.9%), 42.5% were classified as initial pubertal, followed by 40.6% as in peak height velocity (PHV), with a difference between the sexes (p < 0.001). PHV adolescents presented higher BA averages in both sexes (p = 0.005). There was a correlation between BMI and BA, with a strong correlation for girls in the pre-pubertal stage (r = 0.998; p < 0.05) and moderate correlation for those in PHV (r = 0.421; p < 0.001). By analyzing the relation of the variables to predict adolescents' BA, it was observed that the CA model, maturational stage and BMI explained the variability noted in BA in up to 50.3%. Conclusion: BMI has a relation with BA. It should be noted that BA is influenced by CA, the maturational stage and BMI.

Resumen Introducción: la salud y el estado nutricional de los adolescentes se manifiestan directamente en la calidad de su crecimiento y desarrollo. La edad ósea (EO) es el índice de desarrollo del esqueleto, que refleja la maduración del individuo y es considerada como la mejor expresión del estado del desarrollo humano. Las condiciones nutricionales deficientes que perduran durante largos periodos pueden influir en el desarrollo óseo, provocando retraso en la EO en relación a la edad cronológica (EC). El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la relación entre el índice de masa corpórea y la edad ósea de adolescentes. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con 172 adolescentes. Las variables evaluadas fueron índice de masa corpórea (IMC), EC, EO y etapa de maduración sexual. La EO se determinó a partir de la realización de radiografías carpales de archivo digital. Resultados: la mayoría de los adolescentes presentaban un adecuado estado nutricional (73,9%), el 42,5% estaban clasificados como púber inicial, seguidos del 40,6% que fueron considerados en el pico de la velocidad de crecimiento (PVC), con diferencias entre sexos (p < 0,001). Los adolescentes en PVC presentaron mayores medias de EO, en ambos sexos (p = 0,005). Se observó una correlación entre IMC y EO, con fuerte correlación para las niñas en la etapa prepúber (r = 0,998; p < 0,05) y correlación moderada para aquellas en el PVC (r = 0,421; p < 0,001). Al analizar la relación de las variables para predecir la EO de los adolescentes, se observó que el modelo con IC, etapa maduracional e IMC fue capaz de explicar hasta en un 50,3% la variabilidad observada en la EO. Conclusión: el IMC presenta relación con la EO. Se resalta que en la EO influyen la EC, la etapa maduracional y el IMC.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a estrutura interna e a relação das habilidades cognitivas avaliadas pela Bateria de Avaliação Intelectual de Adultos (BAIAD). A amostra foi composta por 963 indivíduos (615 F, 348 M), idades entre 15-64 anos (M = 21, DP/SD/DS = 8). A BAID é composta de sete subtestes: sinônimos, antônimos, analogias, pensamento lógico, pensamento viso-espacial, memória visual-auditiva, rapidez de raciocino. A análise de itens permitiu a redução da BAIAD e índices de precisão de 0,99. A análise confirmatória seguiu o modelo CHC (inteligência cristalizada, inteligência fluída e um fator geral - G) e indicou seu ajuste aos dados. A análise de rede que buscou explorar a relação entre os pares dos indicadores cognitivos e o agrupamento das comunidades apoiou o modelo teórico. Conclui-se que a BAIAD possui evidências de validade e índices de precisão adequados para avaliar a inteligência de adultos.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the internal structure and the relation of the cognitive abilities evaluated by the Battery of Intellectual Assessment of Adults (BAIAD). The sample consisted of 963 subjects (615 F, 348 M), ages 15-64 years (Median = 21, DP/SD/DS = 8). The BAIAD is composed of seven tests: synonyms, antonyms, analogies, logical thinking, visual spatial thinking, visual-auditory memory and speed of reasoning. Item analysis allowed the reduction of BAIAD and reached the reliability indexes of 0.99. The confirmatory analysis followed the CHC model (crystallized intelligence, fluid intelligence and a general factor -G) and indicated its fit to the data. The network analysis which explored the relationship between the pairs of cognitive indicators and the communities grouping supported the theoretical model. We conclude that BAIAD has validity evidences and adequate reliability to assess adults’ intelligence.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la estructura interna y la relación de las habilidades cognitivas evaluadas por la Batería de Evaluación Intelectual de Adultos BAIAD). La muestra fue compuesta por 963 individuos (615 F, 348 M), con edades entre 15-64 años (Mediana = 21, DP/SD/DS = 8). La BAIAD está compuesta de 7 subtests: sinónimos, antónimos, analogías, pensamiento lógico, pensamiento visoespacial, memoria visual auditiva, rápidez de razonamiento.El análisis de ítems permitió la reducción de la BAIAD e índices de precisión de 0,99. El análisis confirmatorio siguió el modelo CHC (inteligencia cristalizada, inteligencia fluída y un factor general-G) e indicó su ajuste a los datos. El análisis de red que buscó explorar la relación entre los pares de indicadores cognitivos, y el agrupamiento de las comunidades, apoyó el modelo teórico. Se concluye que la BAIAD posee evidencias de validez e índices de precisión adecuados para evaluar la inteligencia de adultos.

Resumo Terras Pretas de Índio (TPI) são solos com elevada fertilidade criados pelas sociedades ameríndias pré-colombianas na bacia amazônica. Ainda não existe um consenso se esses solos foram formados intencionalmente para melhorar a fertilidade dos solos distróficos de terra firme da Amazônia ou se resultaram da acumulação de material orgânico em assentamentos sedentários. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar uma caracterização pedogeoquímica de TPI localizadas em áreas de várzeas naturalmente férteis do rio Solimões na Amazônia Central brasileira. Foram analisados os teores totais, trocáveis e disponíveis de elementos e carbono nos solos. As TPI mostraram altos conteúdos trocáveis e disponíveis de P, Ca, Zn e Cu. Elevados conteúdos totais de Cr, Ni, Co e V indicam contribuição de minerais máficos na gênese dos solos, enquanto que teores elevados de P, Zn, Ba e Sr nas TPI indicam enriquecimento antrópico. A ocorrência de TPI em áreas de várzea é uma forte evidência da fertilização não intencional dos solos de várzea, os quais, em condições naturais, apresentam teores de P, Ca, Zn e Cu acima dos níveis críticos para muitas culturas. A presença de sítios arqueológicos em áreas de várzea mostra que as populações pré-colombianas habitaram as várzeas e os interflúvios do rio Solimões.

ABSTRACT Amazonian dark earths (ADEs) are fertile soils created by pre-Columbian Amerindian societies of the Amazon Basin. However, it is still not clear whether these soils were produced intentionally to improve infertile Amazonian upland soils or if they resulted from the accumulation of organic matter from sedentary settlements. This study characterizes the ADEs found in the naturally fertile alluvial floodplains of the Amazon River in the Central Brazilian Amazon according to total, exchangeable, and available contents of elements and organic carbon in soil profiles. ADEs contained higher levels of available elements and total P, Ca, Zn, and Cu. High total Cr, Ni, Co, and V content in these soils indicate that mafic minerals contributed to their composition, while higher contents of P, Zn, Ba, and Sr indicate anthropic enrichment. The presence of ADEs in floodplain areas strongly indicates non-intentional anthropic fertilization of the alluvial soils, which naturally contain levels of P, Ca, Zn, and Cu higher than those needed to cultivate common plants. The presence of archaeological sites in the floodplains also shows that pre-Columbian populations lived in these regions as well as on bluffs above the Amazon River.